Bash Profile For Macos

 
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The shell path for a user in macOS or OSX is a set of locations in the filing system whereby the user has permissions to use certain applications, commands and programs without the need to specify the full path to that command or program in the Terminal. This will work in macOS Mojave, Sierra and all older OSX operating systems; El Capitan, Yosemite, Mavericks and Lion.

So instead of running something like this, with a path to the command:

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You can just type the command, regardless of where you are in the filing system:

Your shell path is a bunch of absolute paths of the filing system separated by colons :

You can find out whats in your path by launching Terminal in Applications/Utilities and entering:

And the result should be like this…

So this is stating that you can run Unix style applications or commands located in 5 default locations of a certain path in the filing system:

  • /usr/bin
  • /bin
  • /usr/sbin
  • /sbin
  • /usr/local/bin

These directories are not visible by default in the filing system but you can make them visible.

Adding a Temporary Location

You can add extra locations to your path, in the mysql example above it’s location /usr/local/mysql/bin which is not in the default path, you can add it in Terminal like so:

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So here I have copied my existing path and added the new location on the end. Test it by running echo $PATH again in the Terminal.

One of the disadvantages of this is that the new location will only be honored for that particular Terminal session, when a new Terminal window is launched it will have the original default path again.

Adding in a Permanent Location

To make the new pathstick permanently you need to create a .bash_profile file in your home directory and set the path there. This file control various Terminal environment preferences including the path.

Move into home directory

Create the .bash_profile file with a command line editor called nano

Add in the above line which declares the new location /usr/local/mysql/bin as well as the original path declared as $PATH.

Save the file in nano by clicking ‘control’ +’o’ and confirming the name of the file is .bash_profile by hitting return. And the ‘control’+’x’ to exit nano

So now when the Terminal is relaunched or a new window made and you check the the path by

You will get the new path at the front followed by the default path locations, all the time

Rearranging the default $PATH

If you needed to rearrange the paths in the default $PATH variable, you can just do that and leave off $PATH.

So lets say you want /use/local/bin at the beginning to take precedence you can add the default path like so inside .bash_profile

And then you can slot in other paths as required.

I
am new to macOS or Apple OS X. How do I enable colorized output for my ls command on Apple Mac OS X just like the ones that shown on my Ubuntu Linux server? How do I configure Mac OS X Terminal app to have color ls output?
You can enable colorized output by passing the -G option to ls command on Apple Mac OS X or FreeBSD operating system. You don’t have to install anything special. Just pass the -G option to the ls command.

Macos Bash Completion


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Mac OS X color ls output option

Open the terminal application and simply type the following command:
$ ls -G
Sample outputs:

Configure ~/.bashrc to display colorful ls command

You need to add the following command in the ~/.bashrc file:
$ vi ~/.bashrc
Append the following alias:

Save and close the file. Source the changes immediately:
$ source ~/.bashrc
Test it:
$ ls
$ ll

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How do I skip colorful ls command output temporarily?

Simply run the ls command as follows:
$ ls
$ ls -l

The -G option is equivalent to defining CLICOLOR in the environment. The ls command supports the following environment variables:

  1. CLICOLOR – Use ANSI color sequences to distinguish file types.
  2. LSCOLORS – The value of this variable describes what color to use for which attribute when colors are enabled with CLICOLOR

Just type the following command to enable colorized output for the ls command:

Understanding LSCOLORS values

You can define color for each attribute with the help of LSCOLORS, when colors are enabled with CLICOLOR. This string is a concatenation of pairs of the format fb, where f is the foreground color and b is the background color. The default value is:

Where,

ls AttributeForeground colorBackground color
directoryex
symbolicfx
socketcx
pipedx
executablebx
blockeg
charactered
executableab
executableag
directoryac
directoryad

The color and their code values are as follows:

CodeMeaning (Color)
aBlack
bRed
cGreen
dBrown
eBlue
fMagenta
gCyan
hLight grey
ABold black, usually shows up as dark grey
BBold red
CBold green
DBold brown, usually shows up as yellow
EBold blue
FBold magenta
GBold cyan
HBold light grey; looks like bright white
xDefault foreground or background

You can now customize it as per your need in ~/.bashrc:

This entry is 1 of 5 in the Coloring Outputs in the CLI Apps Tutorial

Bash Profile For Macos Windows 10

series. Keep reading the rest of the series:
  1. How to enable colorized output for ls command in MacOS X Terminal