What Is Macos Recovery Used For
This article is intended for enterprise and education network administrators.
- What Is Macos Recovery Used For Iphone
- What Is Macos Recovery Used For Iphone
- What Is Macos Recovery Used For Computer
- What Is Macos Recovery Used For Sale
- What Is Macos Recovery Used For Windows
Apple products require access to the Internet hosts in this article for a variety of services. Here's how your devices connect to hosts and work with proxies:
- Network connections to the hosts below are initiated by the device, not by hosts operated by Apple.
- Apple services will fail any connection that uses HTTPS Interception (SSL Inspection). If the HTTPS traffic traverses a web proxy, disable HTTPS Interception for the hosts listed in this article.
Make sure your Apple devices can access the hosts listed below.
Apple Push Notifications
Jul 26, 2019 Apple's tool for reinstalling macOS on devices without using local media is a fail-safe function that allows admins to reinstall or upgrade the OS. It's the first step to recovery during deployment. When done in Recovery mode, run the following from the Terminal in Recovery mode: nvram -d recovery-boot-mode This deletes the firmware variable so that the next boot is a normal boot. If Recovery boot fails and you cannot progress, you could also remove the firmware variable by holding down the keys Command, Option, P, and R during boot. Dec 08, 2019 How to reinstall macOS while in Recovery mode; Entering macOS Recovery. MacOS Recovery has tools at its disposal that allow you to diagnose problems with your Mac's hard drive, reinstall macOS, and restore from a Time Machine backup. You can enter Recovery by pressing certain key combinations. The combination you choose will determine which. The key to using macOS Recovery is to restart your Mac in a particular way. You boot up the Mac into this recovery mode, and you will probably do it at least a couple of times as you sort out.
Learn how to troubleshoot connecting to the Apple Push Notification service (APNs). For devices that send all traffic through an HTTP proxy, you can configure the proxy either manually on the device or with a configuration profile. Beginning with macOS 10.15.5, devices can connect to APNs when configured to use the HTTP proxy with a proxy auto-config (PAC) file.
Device setup
Macos terminal close app. Access to the following hosts might be required when setting up your device, or when installing, updating or restoring the operating system.
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| albert.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Yes | |
| captive.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Internet connectivity validation for networks that use captive portals. | Yes |
| gs.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Yes | |
| humb.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Yes | |
| static.ips.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Yes | |
| tbsc.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | Yes | |
| time-ios.apple.com | 123 | UDP | iOS and tvOS only | Used by devices to set their date and time | — |
| time.apple.com | 123 | UDP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Used by devices to set their date and time | — |
| time-macos.apple.com | 123 | UDP | macOS only | Used by devices to set their date and time | — |
Device Management
Network access to the following hosts might be required for devices enrolled in Mobile Device Management (MDM):
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *.push.apple.com | 443, 80, 5223, 2197 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Push notifications | Learn more about APNs and proxies. |
| gdmf.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | MDM server to identify which software updates are available to devices that use managed software updates. | Yes |
| deviceenrollment.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | DEP provisional enrollment. | — |
| deviceservices-external.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | — | |
| identity.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | APNs certificate request portal. | Yes |
| iprofiles.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Hosts enrollment profiles used when devices enroll in Apple School Manager or Apple Business Manager through Device Enrollment | Yes |
| mdmenrollment.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | MDM servers to upload enrollment profiles used by clients enrolling through Device Enrollment in Apple School Manager or Apple Business Manager, and to look up devices and accounts. | Yes |
| setup.icloud.com | 443 | TCP | iOS only | Required to log in with a Managed Apple ID on Shared iPad. | — |
| vpp.itunes.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | MDM servers to perform operations related to Apps and Books, like assigning or revoking licenses on a device. | Yes |
Software updates
Make sure you can access the following ports for updating macOS, apps from the Mac App Store, and for using content caching.
macOS, iOS, and tvOS
Network access to the following hostnames are required for installing, restoring, and updating macOS, iOS, and tvOS:
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| appldnld.apple.com | 80 | TCP | iOS only | iOS updates | — |
| gg.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | iOS, tvOS, and macOS updates | Yes |
| gnf-mdn.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | Yes |
| gnf-mr.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | Yes |
| gs.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | Yes |
| ig.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | Yes |
| mesu.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Hosts software update catalogs | — |
| ns.itunes.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS only | Yes | |
| oscdn.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | macOS only | macOS Recovery | — |
| osrecovery.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | macOS only | macOS Recovery | — |
| skl.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | — |
| swcdn.apple.com | 80 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | — |
| swdist.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | — |
| swdownload.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | Yes |
| swpost.apple.com | 80 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | Yes |
| swscan.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | macOS updates | — |
| updates-http.cdn-apple.com | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | — | |
| updates.cdn-apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | — | |
| xp.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Yes |
App Store
Access to the following hosts might be required for updating apps:
What Is Macos Recovery Used For Iphone
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *.itunes.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Store content such as apps, books, and music | Yes |
| *.apps.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Store content such as apps, books, and music | Yes |
| *.mzstatic.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Store content such as apps, books, and music | — |
| itunes.apple.com | 443, 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Yes | |
| ppq.apple.com | 443 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Enterprise App validation | — |
Content caching
Access to the following host is required for a Mac that uses macOS content caching:
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lcdn-registration.apple.com | 443 | TCP | macOS only | Content caching server registration | Yes |
App notarization
Starting with macOS 10.14.5, software is checked for notarization before it will run. In order for this check to succeed, a Mac must be able to access the same hosts listed in the Ensure Your Build Server Has Network Access section of Customizing the Notarization Workflow:
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17.248.128.0/18 | 443 | TCP | macOS only | Ticket delivery | — |
| 17.250.64.0/18 | 443 | TCP | macOS only | Ticket delivery | — |
| 17.248.192.0/19 | 443 | TCP | macOS only | Ticket delivery | — |
Certificate validation
Apple devices must be able to connect to the following hosts to validate digital certificates used by the hosts listed above:
| Hosts | Ports | Protocol | OS | Description | Supports proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crl.apple.com | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| crl.entrust.net | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| crl3.digicert.com | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| crl4.digicert.com | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| ocsp.apple.com | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| ocsp.digicert.com | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| ocsp.entrust.net | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
| ocsp.verisign.net | 80 | TCP | iOS, tvOS, and macOS | Certificate validation | — |
Firewalls
If your firewall supports using hostnames, you may be able to use most Apple services above by allowing outbound connections to *.apple.com. If your firewall can only be configured with IP addresses, allow outbound connections to 17.0.0.0/8. The entire 17.0.0.0/8 address block is assigned to Apple.
HTTP proxy
You can use Apple services through a proxy if you disable packet inspection and authentication for traffic to and from the listed hosts. Exceptions to this are noted above. Attempts to perform content inspection on encrypted communications between Apple devices and services will result in a dropped connection to preserve platform security and user privacy.
- See a list of TCP and UDP ports used by Apple software products.
- Find out which ports are used by Profile Manager in macOS Server.
- Learn about macOS, iOS, and iTunes server host connections and iTunes background processes.
- Customize the Notarization Workflow.
What Is Macos Recovery Used For Iphone
If you've encountered a problem with macOS, the solution might be to reinstall the system on your Mac. This can be done by any Mac owner, but it can be a little bit complicated. You'll need to put your Mac into macOS Recovery, which gives you tools to diagnose problems on your Mac, as well as reinstall the operating system.
Here's how to reinstall macOS using Recovery mode.
Entering macOS Recovery
macOS Recovery has tools at its disposal that allow you to diagnose problems with your Mac's hard drive, reinstall macOS, and restore from a Time Machine backup. You can enter Recovery by pressing certain key combinations. The combination you choose will determine which version of macOS will be installed on your system when you select Reinstall macOS.
- Press Command - R to install the latest version of macOS that was installed on your Mac without installing a later version.
- Press Options - Command - R to upgrade to the latest version of macOS that's compatible with your Mac.
- Press Shift - Option - Command - R to install the version of macOS that came with your Mac, or the version closest to it that's still available.
How to check your startup disk with Disk Utility in macOS Recovery mode
The first thing you'll want to do is make sure your Mac's startup disk is healthy. You'll need to use Disk Utility to do that.
- Click Disk Utility when in macOS Recovery.
- Click Continue.
- Click on your Mac's startup drive in the Disk Utility sidebar. It should be the drive at the top of the sidebar if there are multiple drives.
- Click First Aid.
- Click Run. First Aid will run, checking the health of your Mac's drive. This process could take a little while.
- Click Done.
- Click Disk Utility in the Menu bar.
- Click Quit Disk Utility.
How to erase your startup disk in macOS Recovery mode
If you need to start completely fresh, then you'll want to erase your startup disk using Disk Utility. If you want the content on your Mac to stay intact, skip to the next section.
What Is Macos Recovery Used For Computer
- Click on your startup disk in the Disk Utility sidebar.
- Click Erase.
- Click the Format drop-down menu.
- Click on the format you want to use for your drive. If you're running macOS High Sierra or later on a Mac with an SSD, your choices will be some form of APFS.
- Click Erase. Your drive will proceed to be erased.
How to reinstall macOS while in Recovery mode
The next step is to reinstall macOS.
What Is Macos Recovery Used For Sale
- Click Reinstall macOS.
- Click Continue.
- Click Continue.
- Click Agree.
- Click Agree.
- Click on the drive on which you wish to install macOS.
- Enter your Apple ID and password if you're asked to, though you might not be.
- Click Install.
Your Mac will now go through the normal macOS installation process, eventually restarting. If you're starting from scratch, you'll need to set up your Mac from scratch.
Questions?
If you have any more questions about reinstalling macOS on your Mac, let us know in the comments.
Updated December 2019: Everything is up to date through macOS Catalina.
macOS Catalina
Main
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What Is Macos Recovery Used For Windows
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